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Independence Day is celebrated annually on August 15 as a national holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on August 15, 1947, the day the provisions of the Independence Act were fulfilled. India of 1947, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Constituent Assembly of India.
India retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to a full republic, when the nation adopted the Constitution of India on January 26, 1950 (celebrated as Indian Republic Day) and replaced the domain prefix, Dominion of India, with the promulgation of the Sovereign Right Constitution of India.
India achieved independence after the Independence Movement, which was noted for its largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.
Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which British India was divided on religious grounds into the dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence.
On August 15, 1947, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, hoisted the Indian national flag over the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the incumbent Prime Minister usually hoists the flag and delivers a speech to the nation.
The entire event is broadcast by Doordarshan, India's national broadcaster, and usually begins with the shehnai music of Ustad Bismillah Khan. Independence Day is observed throughout India with flag-raising ceremonies, parades, and cultural events. It is a national holiday.
Republic Day is a national holiday in India, when the country marks and celebrates the date that the Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India and thus making the nation a newly formed republic.
The day also marks India's transition from an autonomous Commonwealth kingdom with the British monarch as nominal head of the Indian Dominion, to a fully sovereign Commonwealth republic with the President of India as nominal head of the Union.
The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26, 1949 and entered into force on January 26, 1950 with a democratic system of government, completing the country's transition to an independent republic.
January 26 was chosen as the date for Republic Day because it was on this day in 1929 that the National Congress of India proclaimed the Declaration of Independence of India (Purna Swaraj) instead of Kingdom status as a Dominion that then they installed the outgoing British.
